To make dough:
Warm milk to lukewarm temperature (not boiling). Sprinkle yeast and sugar over milk and stir to dissolve. Set aside to proof for 5-10 minutes – mixture will become bubbly and foamy.
Meanwhile place 2 cups bread flour and salt in a large mixing bowl. Whisk to blend; make a well in the center, pushing flour against sides of bowl.
Add proofed yeast mixture and butter to the well. Mix flour slowly until a dough forms and comes away from sides of bowl. Add softened butter, kneading it into the dough.
Knead with your hands until dough is a soft and elastic pliable ball, adding in remaining ¼ cup flour as needed if dough is too sticky.
Cover bowl with a towel and allow to rise until dough is doubled in bulk, about an hour.
To Shape, Fill & Bake:
Preheat oven to 425°F.
Combine all ingredients in a large mixing bowl, tossing until well mixed. Set aside.
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Divide dough in half. Place one half of dough on a floured board or parchment paper.
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Using a floured rolling pin, roll out into an oblong shape about a ¼” thick.
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Mound half the cheese mixture in the middle of the dough, pressing and spreading into an even layer, leaving a border of dough plain.
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Fold the long sides over the dough on each side. Twist and seal the ends together on each side to form a boat shape.
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Brush folded dough with egg wash.
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Bake for 10-14 minutes, or until dough is lightly browned.
Remove from oven; using the back of a spoon, make an indentation in the center of the cheese. Pour a whole cracked egg into the indentation.
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Bake for an additional 5-7 minutes or until egg white is mostly set.
Remove from oven and add 2-3 tablespoons butter to the middle of the khachapuri.
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Use a fork to mix up the egg and butter into the cheese filling. Serve immediately.
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Repeat with remaining dough and cheese.